Ideas in Politics [TTC Audio]
English | 2001 | 12 hrs and 19 mins | MP3 | 338 MB

Ideas in Politics

Course Number 487 24 lectures (30 minutes/lecture)

Taught by: Dr. Jeremy Shearmur Australian National University
The aim of his course is not to take sides on any public issue, but rather to explain what is at stake, and to improve your own grasp of why those on all sides of many widely discussed public questions be they liberals, socialists or libertarians, radical feminists or religious conservatives think as they do.

Dr. Shearmur s work is thus not persuasion, but clarification. And he accomplishes it through an analysis that is more profound, cogent, philosophically informed, and comprehensive than anything you re ever likely to glean from ordinary news coverage or day-to-day political commentary.

Questions to Consider

Dr. Shearmur begins with questions that you have probably asked at one time or another, questions such as:

    What is meant by ideology? Is it something I have, or only something that those who disagree with me happen to harbor?
    Is political debate a series of disputes over how best to realize ideals that we all hold in common, or are those who support differing programs and policies truly striving for quite different and distinct ideals?
    Is politics really driven purely by subrational motives such as material interests, or can ideas make a difference?
    And if ideas do matter, what precisely are the schools of thought that inform our political discourse today? Where do they come from? How have they changed over time? And how do they interact with one another to form our public sphere?

Dr. Shearmur shows that most of our current public controversies from tax and welfare policy to issues touching on feminism, free speech, or the public status of homosexuality  can be understood as arguments within a larger liberal tradition.

As he sees it, four related but seriously differing schools of thought contend over questions such as "What motivates us?" "What is true human flourishing?" and "What should our ideals be, and what kinds of institutions and programs best realize them?"

How Ideas Affect Issues

Dr. Shearmur invites you to consider how ideas flowing from principles held by these schools of thought apply to real issues such as taxes, welfare, the environment, feminism, free speech, Americans  declining civic and political participation, and more.

As regards participation, a striking discussion has been opened up by the Harvard political scientist Robert Putnam. In an essay and later a book titled Bowling Alone, he has argued that Americans are increasingly less likely to belong to voluntary groups and associations of all kinds, and that this will have serious consequences for everything from personal health to our whole political system.

Putnam s evidence, his proposed solutions, what they say about where we are now and where we are going, and the responses of his critics from across the spectrum all will come in for your consideration.

Socialism, Ecology, and Feminisms

Both Marxian and non-Marxian socialists offer moral critiques of the existing social order. Some of the latter, along with certain liberal theorists, have recently argued that welfare liberalism and socialism share much ground, that the former even perhaps points to the latter. What is the basis of such arguments, and what do critics of various stripes make of it all?

Should ecological concerns prompt us to embrace extensive regulation or the international redistribution of resources? Are there market-based solutions to environmental problems? And what of "deep ecology," the view that ecological systems should be considered valuable in themselves, and should impose moral constraints upon human action?

Three lectures on feminism begin by exploring the work of John Stuart Mill on the social situation of women in the mid 19th-century, and his ideas for improving it. The American feminist Betty Friedan critically appraised those improvements from the standpoint of the early 1960s, thereby launching the feminist movement as we know it today.

Is feminism essentially an offshoot of liberalism, exposed to the same questions? What of variants such as the socialist and "radical" feminisms of the 1970s or the "difference feminism" that flows from the work of psychologist Carol Gilligan, and which has influenced the outcome of actual court cases?

Finally, we look at responses of liberal feminists to criticisms of liberalism by other feminists, and at conservative responses to feminism. From feminism, we turn to other political ideas that bring issues of identity into the heart of politics.

Who Belongs? Nationalism and Multiculturalism

The next phase of your reflection focuses on nationalism and multiculturalism as they affect politics both globally and locally. Again, you ll get to the root of current controversies by looking at how the politics of identity developed, and at the arguments that go on between supporters and critics.

This, in turn, leads us to issues relating to homosexuality, not least because some homosexuals have taken multiculturalism as a model for their own politics. Also worth considering are the ideas of journalist and commentator Andrew Sullivan, who makes a distinctively non-multicultural and even conservative case for gay marriage. The ideas of Sullivan s critics, both religious conservatives and homosexuals influenced by "queer theory," also come into focus in Dr. Shearmur s evenhanded treatment.

The debate over gay marriage raises vital questions of a more general character, concerning the relationship between religious and secular authority, and, more generally, religion and politics in Western societies.

Hence the need for lectures on the questions of free expression and pornography. Disagreements over these issues, Dr. Shearmur suggests, shed much light on how both liberalism and conservatism see the world.

Do Political Ideas Have a Future?

Finally, your survey of today s political discourse closes with a question raised by the collapse of the Soviet Union: Is there really any room left for serious arguments about ideas in politics, or has history shown decisively that liberal democracy is the only answer to political questions?

Such a viewwhich echoes the liberal theme that liberalism is the fate of everyonewas explored by Francis Fukuyama. He made his case strikingly in his famous 1989 essay "The End of History?" and later in his 1992 book, The End of History and the Last Man.

Is Fukuyama (assuming his own views have remained consistent!) correct? Are we all liberals (or soon-to-be liberals) now?

Dr. Shearmur caps your intellectual tour of the modern political landscape by asking how people who hold the various ideas studied in the lectures might best respond to Fukuyama s argument.

Will history go on, or has the scope of political ideas narrowed, for better or worse, in some final way?  Not easy questions to answer, but you ll be able to make an informed try after absorbing these 24 revealing talks from an exceptionally lucid and levelheaded student of politics today.

Should I buy Audio or Video?

This course works well in either audio or video. The video version is illustrated with portraits and on-screen graphics.

Part I

Lecture 1: Setting the Table

Lecture 2: Liberalism Introduced

Lecture 3: Liberalism

Lecture 4: Liberalism in Dispute

Lecture 5: Libertarianism

Lecture 6: Conservatism,    Part I

Lecture 7: Conservatism,    Part II

Lecture 8: How Society Works

Lecture 9: Social Capital,   Part I

Lecture 10: Social Capital, Part II

Lecture 11: Socialism

Lecture 12: Non-Marxist Socialism

Part II

Lecture 13: Socialism Problems & Objections

Lecture 14: Ecological Ideas, Part I

Lecture 15: Ecological Ideas, Part II

Lecture 16: Feminism

Lecture 17: Problems of Liberal Feminism

Lecture 18: Feminism Concluded

Lecture 19: Nationalism

Lecture 20: Multiculturalism

Lecture 21: Gay & Lesbian Politics

Lecture 22: Religion & Politics in the West

Lecture 23: Toleration, Censorship & Pornography

Lecture 24: The End of History

What Do Ideas Have To Do With Politics?

By Dr. Jeremy Shearmur

"My goal in this course is to introduce you to some of the leading ideas in modern political life, the types of arguments that go on around them, and the impact that they make, not least, on our practical understanding of how we live and govern ourselves.

"But you might say, "It s not ideas that matter in politics. It s interests. If you want know how people are going to view things, how they are going to vote, and the line that various politicians will take, you need to know their interests. Ideas? Surely not!"

"Or you might also say, 'But look at all the people involved in politics who have no intellectual interests, and wouldn t know an idea if it hit them in the face!'

"I will offer a response that was penned by John Maynard Keynes in his 1936 book, The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money

'The ideas of economists and political philosophers, both when they are right and when they are wrong, are more powerful than is commonly understood.

'Indeed, the world is ruled by little else.  Practical men, who believe themselves to be quite exempt from any intellectual influences, are usually the slaves of some defunct economist.  Madmen in authority, who hear voices in the air, are distilling their frenzy from some academic scribbler a few years back.

'I am sure that the power of vested interests is vastly exaggerated compared with the gradual encroachment of ideas.  It is ideas, not vested interests which are dangerous for good or evil.'

"This is an impressive quotation, but I must confess that merely to quote from an Englishman, however distinguished, does not by itself settle the argument.

"But consider a hypothetical U.S. carmaking firm. In a sense its interests are obvious to make the highest profits it can. But take the analysis to another level: Should the firm support global free trade? You need some ideas about economics and about human motivation to answer that question.

"And whatever answer, the firm and its agents need to know how to argue for or against free trade as a public policy. In other words, political ideas are indispensable, even for the most hardheaded and self-interested among us."

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