Free download скачать Lens, Laboratory, Landscape: Observing Modern Spain  By  Ramón y Cajal, Santiago; Schaefer, Claudia
2014 | 239 Pages | ISBN: 143845273X | EPUB | 4 MB
An interdisciplinary  study of the rise of empirical observation in the Spanish arts and sciences as  the principle vehicle for acquiring knowledge about the natural world.Lens,  Laboratory, Landscape focuses on competing views about the power of vision  in Spain between the 1830s and the 1950s. The photographic lens, laboratory  microscope, "retinal vision" of philosopher José Ortega y Gasset, and the topographical  studies of Manuel de Terán  are woven together in and around a European cultural milieu that gave  observation primacy. For once, Spain-now bereft of its empire-was not on the  outside of such debates. Whether in the laboratory, family home, darkroom, art  gallery, or on the road, in Cuba or Zaragoza, Madrid or Massachusetts, Spanish  artists and scientists were engaged with the social and economic power of  observation at a time when the speed of modern life made observing a challenge.  Claudia Schaefer brings the technologies of the eye-photograph, microscope,  lens, tools for land surveying-to light as markers on the nation's touted path  to modernity

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